Separation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Gas Mixtures Using Activated Carbon Modified with 2‐Methylimidazole

Activated carbon was modified by loading 2‐methylimidazole (mIm), ethanol, and glycol onto its surface and adopted to capture CO₂ using the absorption‐adsorption method. The modified activated carbon showed high selectivity for separating CH₄+CO₂ gas mixtures, compared with other methods to modify activated carbon given in the literature. The separation factor was 4.75 times higher than that for the fresh activated‐carbon system, and the separation performance of the activated carbon increased with increasing amount of mIm. The addition of glycol showed greater potential to enhance the selectivity of the activated carbon than ethanol. A recycling test verified the stability of the modified activated carbon for CH₄+CO₂ gas mixture separation.     

Research on the hot surface ignition of hydrogen‐air mixture under different influencing factors

To further reveal the pre‐ignition characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engine, the effect of hot surface characteristic parameters on the ignition characteristics of hydrogen‐air mixture was investigated in this research. Based on the prototype of the constant volume combustion bomb with an overhead glow plug, the duration from the heating of the hot surface to the combustion of hydrogen‐air mixture, the so‐called heating duration, was firstly researched under different fuel‐air equivalence ratio, initial temperature, initial pressure, hot surface temperature, and hot surface area, and the influence of each factor on the heating duration was analyzed. The results show that the order of the effect of each factor on the hot surface ignition is as follows: hot surface temperature > initial pressure of hydrogen‐air mixture > equivalent ratio > initial temperature of hydrogen‐air mixture > hot surface area. The influence of the hot surface characteristic parameters on the heating duration was further analyzed in detail. On this basis, the relationship among the critical ignition temperature, the heating duration and the hot surface area was researched and established. The results show that the heating duration is the only major factor affecting the critical ignition temperature. Finally, the research results were applied to analysis the pre‐ignition in hydrogen internal combustion engine.     

多因素影响下苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物改性沥青性能分析

通过掺加不同含量糠醛抽出油、红油增塑剂与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性剂,分析其对SBS改性沥青各性能指标的影响,判断影响SBS改性沥青性能的主要因素。结果表明:改性沥青中SBS改性剂含量是提高软化点、弹性恢复的主要因素;糠醛抽出油含量增大则可明显提高其延度指标,且改善SBS改性沥青的离析程度;红油增塑剂含量增大可大幅提高SBS改性沥青的延度指标,但高温性能下降且离析严重,短期老化后指标下降幅度高于同等含量抽出油老化后指标。因此可在SBS含量确定的情况下,通过掺加适当的糠醛抽出油以改善SBS改性沥青的性能。     

基于特征贡献率的机械故障分类方法

为提高往复压缩机、航空发动机等复杂机械故障分类的准确率，依据特征参数对不同故障的敏感度存在差异的特性，提出一种狄利克雷过程混合模型(Dirichlet process mixture model,简称DPMM)与贝叶斯推断贡献(Bayesian inference contribution,简称BIC)相结合的分析方法。采用DPMM方法自学习机械振动信号高维特征的统计分布模型，并依据BIC理论计算得到各特征参数对模型的贡献率，通过对比观测数据与各类故障数据特征贡献率间的差异实现故障分类。试验结果表明，该方法的平均分类准确率比基于高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model,简称GMM)的故障诊断方法的平均分类准确率提高19.29%，比基于Relief算法的故障诊断方法的平均分类准确率提高32.71%，且该方法的时效性高，泛化性能强，能够更有效地进行复杂机械故障分类。     

高韧性环氧沥青及混合料性能影响因素分析

开发了一种新型高韧性环氧沥青,研究了树脂用量、相容剂种类及用量、高温固化复配体系对高韧性环氧沥青及混合料性能的影响。试验结果表明,随着树脂用量增加,高韧性环氧沥青及混合料的性能随之增强,合适的树脂用量为40%;自制的相容剂能有效改善树脂与基质沥青的相容性,其最佳用量为10%;采用高温固化剂与中温固化剂复配体系,当其用量比为9∶1时,高韧性环氧沥青及混合料能获得良好的力学性能,且常温养护7 d即可形成最终强度。高韧性环氧沥青及混合料具有与进口材料同样优异的性能。     

沥青组成与乳化沥青稳定性的灰熵关联研究

为研究乳化沥青储存稳定性与沥青组成及性质之间的关系,选用四种基质沥青,对其基本性质、四组分组成、元素组成和平均结构单元参数进行了分析。并分析了四种基质沥青制备的乳化沥青的储存稳定性。采用灰熵关联分析研究了乳化沥青储存稳定性与沥青的化学组成及基本性能之间的关系。结果表明:四组分组成中,胶质和沥青质含量是影响乳化沥青储存稳定性的最主要因素,胶质和沥青质含量越高,储存稳定性越好。元素组成中,杂原子含量是影响乳化沥青储存稳定性的最主要因素,杂原子含量越高,稳定性越好。然而,沥青的基本性质和平均结构单元参数与乳化沥青的储存稳定性之间没有明显的相关性。     

基于正交试验设计的橡胶沥青性能影响因素研究

将废旧轮胎粉碎后加入沥青中既可以改善沥青的性能,又可以减少废旧轮胎对环境造成的污染。本文基于橡胶沥青的针入度、软化点、延度等技术指标,研究橡胶沥青的材料组成和制备工艺参数对橡胶沥青性能的影响,设计了五因素四水平正交试验,根据试验结果初步确定了最佳橡胶沥青制备参数,并在考虑橡胶沥青加工安全性的基础上对参数进行了优化,最终确定了橡胶沥青原材料的选用原则及制备参数。     

Stabilizing effect of the cyclodextrins additive to spray-dried particles of curcumin/polyvinylpyrrolidone on the supersaturated state of curcumin

Although curcumin is considered to have various therapeutic effects, its use as a functional food or supplement is restricted owing to its low water solubility and bioavailability. To increase the solubility of curcumin in water, the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers with a pyrrolidone skeleton was noted to be promising. In particular, the bi-component formulations of curcumin/PVP prepared through spray drying exhibited an amorphous state in powder X-ray diffraction observations and temporally increased the apparent solubility of curcumin to over 5000 times that of untreated curcumin; nevertheless, after 24 h, the solubility decreased owing to the unstable supersaturated state of curcumin. The addition of α-cyclodextrin (α-CyD) in the bi-component curcumin/PVP formulation helped maintain the supersaturated state of curcumin, whereas the addition of β- and γ-CyD led to the collapse of the supersaturated state. The addition of α-CyD can likely help inhibit the nucleation and crystal growth of curcumin, through the interaction among the solubilized units of curcumin/PVP and α-CyD.     

WSGG models for radiative heat transfer calculations in hydrogen and hydrogen-mixture flames at various pressures

Radiative heat transfer strongly influences pollutant emission prediction in combustion systems. In this work, the weighted sum of gray gas (WSGG) models have been developed for calculating radiative heat transfer in hydrogen and hydrogen-mixture flames. The total pressure effect on cut-off width of the Lorentz line profile is analyzed and properly considered in the line by line (LBL) calculations. Based on the LBL benchmark results, two sets of WSGG model correlations have been proposed for H₂O and its mixture with CO₂ at a molar ratio (Mr) of 3, representing the typical combustion products of the hydrogen and a hydrogen-rich mixture (e.g., 50% hydrogen and 50% methane). The WSGG models are applicable and accurate with a total pressure ranging from 1 to 60 atm. Partial pressure is explicitly applied as an independent variable in the model coefficients to account for its nonlinear effect on gas emissivity, which is particularly important for a participating gas medium with a large amount of H₂O at a total pressure below 5 atm. Detailed studies are carried out to solve radiative heat transfer in non-isothermal and non-homogeneous gas media at different conditions. Results show improvement over the existing WSGG models at the atmospheric pressure and have good agreement with LBL solutions under various conditions.